03589cam a2200217   45000010005000000100017000050200025000220200029000471000027000762450125001032600068002283000034002965040064003305052631003946500048030256500047030736510053031206510049031739990015032229520134032376741  a  2007010103  a9780521683821 (pbk.)  a9780521865265 (hardback)1 aAslund, Anders,d1952-10aHow capitalism was built :bthe transformation of Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia /cAnders Aslund.  aCambridge ;aNew York, NY :bCambridge University Press,c2007.  axvi, 356 p. :bill. ;c23 cm.  aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 315-342) and index.0 aCommunism and its demise. Real socialism. Decline and fall of socialism.  The demise of communism in Central Europe. The collapse of the Soviet Union -- Shock therapy vs. gradualism. The radical reform program : a big bang. Gradual reform programs. Rent seeking : the scourge of transition. Criticism of radical reform after the Russian financial crash -- Output : slump and recovery. Sharp decline in recorded output and varied recovery. Exaggeration of the slump. Radical reform : least decline and early recovery. Late reformers : surged after 1998 -- Liberalization : the creation of a market economy. Different strategies of deregulation. Liberalization of foreign trade. Labor market policy. Combat of monopoly : gas and coal. A big bang : vital in deregulation -- From hyperinflation to financial stability. Establishing national currencies. Radical fiscal adjustment was key. Tax policy : from social democratic to liberal. Monetary policy : from loose to strict. Exchange rates : currency board or free float. Dramas of financial stabilization -- Privatization : the establishment of private property rights. Differing aims of privatization. Small-scale privatization : if started, swiftly done. Large-scale privatization : the biggest headache. Privatization of land, real estate, and housing. New enterprise development : the ultimate success. Great achievements of privatization. Vital : speed and legitimacy of property rights -- An inefficient social system. Incomes : differentiation and poverty. Life and health. Education adjusting to demand. Social transfers and pension reform. Alternative social models -- Democracy vs authoritarianism. Democratic breakthrough : critical for successful transformation. An under-reform trap. Renewed democratization : colored revolutions. Parties, electoral rules, and constitutions. How to tame the leviathan : reform of the communist state. Public opinion and ideology. Democracy and democracy aid -- From crime toward law. An explosion of crime. Attempts at building a legal system. Corruption : the bane of transition -- The role of oligarchs. Who are the oligarchs? The economics of oligarchy. The politics of oligarchy. Complaints : a matter of ideology. A question of property rights. Putin's alternative : centralized dictatorship -- The role of international assistance. The dream of Europe. Western failure to act in the East. Trade policy : a gulf between the EU and the CIS. International assistance : insufficient but crucial -- Conclusions : a world transformed. Different models. Achievements and revelations. Why certain polices worked while others did not. 0aPost-communismzFormer communist countries. 0aPrivatizationzFormer communist countries. 0aFormer communist countriesxEconomic conditions. 0aFormer communist countriesxEconomic policy.  c5681d5681  00102ddc40708MAINaRTCLIBbRTCLIBcMAINd2018-11-27h i10530l0o330.94 ASLp30011439r2018-11-27 00:00:00w2018-11-27yMAIN